Article
English Version
At the middle age Paris became the capital of the Kingdom of France and also the most populated city. That's why Paris need supply, or most of the supply came from the Seine. At the XI century the harbour of Honfleur, Chef-de-Caux, Harfleur and Leurre are created.
Two reasons explain why a new port needed to be created :
1. The other port of the "Basse-Seine" get stuck on the sand whereas their were an increase of the need of supply's volume for Paris. At the end of the XV century, the port of Rouen, Harfleur and Honfleur looked more and more useless face to the increase of shipping traffic.
2. The fear of an marine assault from the british. Indeed the french people and the French King had still in mind the Hundred Years War which only ended in 1453 (NB : The foundatiion of le Havre is only 60 years after).
On 8 October 1517, François I signed the founding charter of the port the plans of which are first assigned to Vice Admiral Guyon le Roy. The "big tower" defended the entrance. Despite difficulties associated with marshland and storms, the port of Le Havre welcomed its first ship in October 1518. The king himself travelled there in 1520 and granted in perpetuity the privileges of Le Havre and gave them his own arms consisting of a salamander.
Then, le Havre became a complete city. The town beacame a military base open on the Channel and the North Sea. It became a important shipyard before the shipyard of Saint-Nazaire. Then it was the startig point for the french colonization of the New World.
French Version
Au Moyen Âge, Paris devient la capitale du royaume et surtout la ville la plus peuplée. Il faut alors approvisionner la métropole, et une partie du ravitaillement se fait par voie d’eau. Au XIe siècle, le port de Honfleur est créé, sur la rive sud de l’estuaire. Les navires trop chargés ne pouvant pas remonter la Seine, on utilise les avant-ports de Chef-de-Caux, Harfleur et Leurre.
Deux raisons vont pousser le roi François Ier à construire une ville au Havre :
1. L'ensablement des autres ports de la Basse-Seine et l'augmentation du volume des navires. À la fin du xve siècle, les ports de Rouen, Harfleur et Honfleur semblaient de plus en plus inadaptés pour faire face à l’augmentation du trafic maritime, notamment avec le Nouveau Monde.
2. La crainte d’un débarquement anglais. Les rois de France, mais surtout les populations locales, avaient peur de l'arrivée de la flotte anglaise en Seine. En effet la Guerre de Cent ans ne s’est achevée qu’en 1453.
Le 8 octobre 1517, François Ier signe la charte de fondation de la ville. La « grosse tour » en défend l’entrée. Le site est entouré de marais, et il n’est pas question à l’origine de créer une ville dans ce milieu insalubre. Pourtant, sur l’initiative de Le Roy, François Ier donne exemption de taille et de franc-salé aux futurs habitants du Havre. Les armes de la ville sont celles de François Ier : une salamandre. Le roi se déplace lui-même en août 1520 et rend les privilèges du Havre (essentiellement le quartier Notre-Dame) perpétuels, essentiellement des exonérations d'impôts.
Par la suite le Havre deviens une ville très polyvalente. Elle servit de base militaire ouvrant sur la Manche et la Mer du Nord.
Un chantier naval majeur et ceux bien avant les Saint-Nazaire. Elle servit de point de départ pour les expéditions vers le nouveau monde.
Sources : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Le_Havre ; https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histoire_du_Havre ;
Pour plus d'info allez sur ce site / For more information click on this link (french website) : http://www.thucydide.com/realisations/comprendre/villes/le_havre/havre4.htm
PS : Si vous avez des idées de sujets à traiter dites le moi en commentaire ça m'aiderai beaucoup
Hey if you have any idea tell me on the comment section bellow, it will help me a lot.
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USA as a world power? In E-Sim it is possible!
In E-Sim we have a huge, living world, which is a mirror copy of the Earth. Well, maybe not completely mirrored, because the balance of power in this virtual world looks a bit different than in real life. In E-Sim, USA does not have to be a world superpower, It can be efficiently managed as a much smaller country that has entrepreneurial citizens that support it's foundation. Everything depends on the players themselves and how they decide to shape the political map of the game.
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