Article
In early December 1917, the headquarters of the Caucasian Front proposed to nationalize individual units, primarily the 219th Infantry Reserve Regiment, stationed in Elizavetpol, on the basis of which the Muslim Corps was to be formed. The Transcaucasian Commissariat supported this proposal and on December 18, 1917 (according to other sources, on December 11, it issued a decree on the formation of the Georgian, Armenian, Muslim (Azerbaijani) and Russian corps, which were supposed to replace the units of the Russian army leaving the Caucasian front.
The formation of the Muslim Corps was started in accordance with Order No. 155 of December 11, 1917, Commander-in-Chief of the Caucasian Front, General of Infantry MA Przhevalsky. The corps was formed on a voluntary basis. The former commander of the 10th Army of the Western Front, Lieutenant General Ali-Aga Shikhlinsky, was appointed commander of the Muslim corps, and Major General Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Menchukov, the former I. D. General-Quartermaster of the Staff of the Special Army. The structure of the newly formed corps was as follows: the 1st and 2nd infantry divisions of a four-regimental composition, a separate cavalry brigade of a three-regiment composition, the 1st and 2nd artillery brigades, a horse-mountain battery, two artillery parks and a sapper battalion [3]. The corps headquarters was located in Tiflis. The departments and services of the corps headquarters, the headquarters of two infantry divisions were formed. Retired Major General Mir Kazim-bek Talyshinsky, who was living in Tiflis at that time, was appointed commander of the 1st Infantry Division. The commander of the 2nd Infantry Division is Major General Ibragim Agha Usubov.
The formation of the Muslim corps was complicated by the lack of officers, especially Muslim officers. Many Azerbaijani officers, like other Muslims in Russia, fought on the western fronts. For example, Russian officers made up 65% of the command staff. There were practically no rank-and-file personnel. There were few weapons and ammunition. The only regular military unit was the Tatar Cavalry Regiment of the Caucasian Native Cavalry Division, which had arrived in Transcaucasia by that time. On June 26, 1918, by the resolution of the Council of Ministers, the Muslim Corps was renamed into the Separate Azerbaijan Corps.
On June 4, 1918, the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between Turkey and the Republic of Azerbaijan was signed in Batum. Article IV of the treaty read:
“The imperial Ottoman government undertakes to provide military assistance to the government of the Republic of Azerbaijan, if it is required to ensure order and security in the country. "
The implementation of this obligation was entrusted to Lieutenant General Nuri, who by this time was already in Ganja with a large group of Turkish officers. Under the agreement, the Azerbaijani government undertook to remove from the territory of the country all officers and officials of states that are at war with the Ottoman Empire. This primarily concerned the officers of the former Russian imperial army. As a result, the Separate Azerbaijani Corps lost most of its officers.
In early July, a separate Azerbaijani corps was disbanded by the Turkish command and its units, together with the arrived 5th Caucasian and 15th Chanakhgalin Turkish divisions, became part of the newly formed Caucasian Islamic Army of Nuri Pasha.
On October 30, representatives of the Entente and Turkey signed the Mudross truce, which, in particular, provided for the evacuation of Turkish troops from Transcaucasia and granting the Entente powers the right to occupy Baku and Batum.
On November 1, the Ministry of War was established by a resolution of the Council of Ministers. The portfolio of the minister was given to the chairman of the government, Fatali-khan Khoysky, and artillery general Samedbek Mehmandarov was appointed his comrade (deputy). In fact, from this time, systematic and purposeful work began to create a national army. On November 15, by order of the Deputy Minister of War, General Mehmandarov, the formation of the General Staff and the Office of the Minister of War began.
On November 16, after the withdrawal of Turkish troops, the work of the National Council of Azerbaijan was resumed. The next day, units of the 39th British Infantry Brigade landed in Baku under the command of Major General V.M. Thomson, who declared himself the military governor of Baku and demanded the withdrawal of ADR troops from the capital. From that time to April 1919. the war ministry of the ADR, located in Ganja. On January 3, 1919, by order of the Minister of War, a commission was established to develop the staff of military units, departments and institutions of the military department of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the salary table. The construction of the armed forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan was based on the principles of organization, manning, control and combat training of the troops of the tsarist Russian army, taking into account local conditions. On January 10, 1919, by order of the Minister of War, the Military Council was formed under the Ministry. The Military Council was entrusted with the development and solution of issues of military legislation, deployment, supply, training and education of troops. Due to the fact that the emerging Azerbaijani army lacked a sufficient number of senior officials, with significant service experience in various branches of military affairs, the Military Council was drawn up according to the scheme of the Military District Councils: the members of the Council were appointed senior combatants and heads of individual departments of the War Ministry, with the performance of their direct duties.
Under Khosrov-bek Sultanov, Minister of War of the first government cabinet, which lasted just over two weeks, the formation of a volunteer "Green Guard" of pupils and students began.
In Aghdam, Major General Ibrahim-Agha Usubov began the formation of the 1st Infantry Division. Under the command of Colonel Nukh-bek Sofiev, the 1st Tatar Cavalry Regiment was staffed. The 1st artillery brigade and the training machine gun team were formed under the command of Colonel Rustam-bek Shikhlinsky, and Colonel Khosrov Mirza Qajar - the 3rd Cavalry Sheki regiment. Later, the cavalry regiments were consolidated into a division, and Major General Teymurbek Novruzov took command.
On September 14, the Minister of War issued an order to create an air squadron. This date is considered the birthday of the Air Force of Azerbaijan. On August 19, 1919, Second Lieutenant Teymur Khan Afshar, a military pilot, was appointed head of the air squadron at the General Staff of the Azerbaijan Army.
In the temporary capital of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, Ganja, the first military school for the training of warrant officers is opened; Colonel Shirin-Huseynbek Kesamansky becomes its head. Also, a training battalion was created to train non-commissioned officers and a sapper school.
The Red Army invaded Azerbaijan on April 28, 1920. Although most of the newly formed Azerbaijani army was engaged in suppressing the Armenian uprising that broke out in Karabakh, the Azerbaijanis did not surrender, but their brief independence of 1918-20 ended quickly and easily. Of the 30 thousand soldiers, 20 thousand died in the ranks of the resistance. The National Army of Azerbaijan was abolished by the Bolshevik government, 15 of the 21 army generals were executed by the Bolsheviks
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USA as a world power? In E-Sim it is possible!
In E-Sim we have a huge, living world, which is a mirror copy of the Earth. Well, maybe not completely mirrored, because the balance of power in this virtual world looks a bit different than in real life. In E-Sim, USA does not have to be a world superpower, It can be efficiently managed as a much smaller country that has entrepreneurial citizens that support it's foundation. Everything depends on the players themselves and how they decide to shape the political map of the game.
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In E-Sim, international wars are nothing out of the ordinary.
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