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Türkiye'nin tarafsız gazetesi "The Mugla Times"' tan herkese merhaba! Bugün sizlere Büyük Taarruz' u özetlemeye çalıştım. Umarım beğenirsiniz.
Turkey's unbiased newspaper "The Mugla Times", hello from everyone! Today, I tried to summarize the Great Offensive of Turkish Independence War. I hope you like it.
If you read my "Battle of Sakarya" article, I would be happy.
"Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi" makalemi de okursanız sevinirim.
Great Offensive is the great Turkish attack, started by Turkish Army against Greek army. On 26 August 1922, Turkish Army is starting the attack, On 9 September Turkish army entered to Izmir and On 18 September Greek army plunged from Western Anatolia.
Turkish army won the Battle of Sakarya, but there was not the case for exterminated to Greek Army. All financial resources were pushed to the last limit and preparations started immediately. On the other hand, the associations that supported the Turkish liberation struggle in Istanbul, sent the weapons they had missed from the Allied Powers to Ankara. As a result of the one-year preparation, the Turkish army increased the number of its soldiers to 186,000.
Law of Supreme-Commander was extended indefinitely. Then, Mustafa Kemal Pasha was decided to attack.
On 26 August night, 5th Turkish Cavalry units infiltrated behind the Greek Army. Again on the morning of August 26, Supreme Commander Mustafa Kemal Pasha took his place in Kocatepe with Fevzi Pasha and İsmet Pasha to lead the battle. The Great Offensive started here with heavy artillery fire from the artillery at 04.30 in the morning. 06.00 in the morning, Turkish infantry units conquered the Tınaztepe.
In the morning of August 27, the Turkish army attacked again on all fronts. The same day, Turkish army took back Afyonkarahisar. The Turkish offensive was successfully lasted in 28th and 29th August. In 29 August, Turkish Army girt the Greek army. Next day (30th August) Greek units was exterminated and Turkish army received Kütahya.
The half of Greek Units in Anatolia was prisoned and exterminated. Upon this, Mustafa Kemal Pasha told the historic order: Your first goal is the Mediterranean Sea!
General Trikupis and his unitys was prisoned in Uşak. Trikupis learned that he was appointed as the supreme commander of the Greek army from Mustafa Kemal Pasha in Uşak.
During the war, Turkish army advance the 450 km in fifteen days and entered İzmir on the morning of 9th September. Later rescued places by Turkish army:
10th September: Bursa
11th September: Orhaneli, Gemlik, Foça, Seferihisar
12th September: Sandıklı, Mudanya, Kırkağaç
13th September: Soma
14th September: Manyas, Karacabey, Bergama, Dikili
15 - 17th September: Ayvalık, Çeşme, Bandırma
18th September: Erdek, Biga, Mahmudiye
The Turkish Army' s casualty was +2300 dead and +9300 injured soldier.
The Greek Army' s casualty was +18000 dead, +13000 injured soldier and +35000 prisoned soldier.
With the Mudanya Armistice Agreement signed on October 11, 1922, Eastern Thrace was liberated from the Greek occupation without armed conflict. battle with the Treaty of Lausanne, signed on July 24, 1923 officially ended, and Turkey has established its independence all over the world.
The fleeing Greek army looted and burned the villages. Thousands of Turkish civilians became homeless.
Many civilians were killed and imprisoned by the Greek army.
In Greece, the King was overthrown by a military junta.
Büyük Taarruz, Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı'nı bitiren son ve genel harekât. 26 Ağustos 1922 sabahı taarruz başladı, 9 Eylül'de Türk Ordusu İzmir' e girdi ve 18 Ağustos'ta son Yunan birlikleri de Batı Anadolu' dan atıldı.
Türk Ordusu, Sakarya Meydan Muharebesi' ni kazanmıştı, fakat büyük bir taarruz için ve Yunan ordusunu yok etmek için yeteri kadar güce sahip değildi. Tüm mali kaynaklar son sınıra kadar zorlandı ve halktan son defa destek istendi. Ateşkesin sağlandığı Doğu ve Güney Cephelerinden asker, top ve mühimmat getirildi. TBMM Hükümeti tarafından İstanbul'da oluşturulan gizli Millîci Gruplar, Müttefiklerin el koyduğu silah ve mühimmatları gizlice Anadolu' ya aktardı. (Türkiye ile dostluk kurmak isteyen Fransa' nın, İngiltere'den gizli olarak Millîci Gruplara göz yumması bu işi kolaylaştırmıştır.) Bir yıllık hazırlığın sonucunda Türk ordusu, asker sayısını 186.000 e çıkardı, Yunan ordusunun 200.000' lik asker sayısına denge oluşturuldu.
Sakarya M. Muharebesi' nden önce çıkarılan "Başkomutanlık Yasası" süresiz biçimde uzatıldı.
Başkomutan Mustafa Kemal Paşa, Haziran ayı ortalarında taaruz kararı verdi ve bu kararı sadece İsmet ( İnönü ) Paşa, Fevzi ( Çakmak ) Paşa ve Kazım ( İnanç ) Paşa ile paylaştı.
Taarruzdan birkaç gün önce Paşalar, "askerlerin yapacağı futbol maçını izleme" bahanesiyle cepheye doğru hareket ettiler. Mustafa Kemal Paşa'nın Ankara'ya döndüğü sanılması için 26 Ağustos günü "çay ziyafeti verileceği" açıklandı.
Bazı birlikler Yunan keşif uçaklarına yakalanmamak için sadece geceleri yürüyerek 14 günde cepheye ulaştı. Anadolu' yu Türk yurdu yapan Malazgirt Savaşından (1071) tam 851 yıl sonra, Anadolu'yu kurtarmak için taarruz başladı.
26 Ağustos Gecesi, 5. Türk Süvari Birlikleri Yunanların gece savunmadığı bölgeden Yunan cephesinin arkasına sızdı. Aynı gece Mustafa Kemal Paşa, İsmet Paşa ve Fevzi Paşa ile taarruzu yönetmek için Kocatepe' ye hareket etti. Sabah saat 4.30' da, ağır topçu atışlarıyla taarruz başladı, saat 6.00' da Tınaztepe geri alındı.
27 Ağustos sabahı Türk Ordusu cephenin her tarafından yeniden saldırıya geçti. Aynı gün Afyonkarahisar kurtarıldı, cephe kumandanlığı buraya taşındı. Taarruz 28 ve 29 Ağustos günü başarıyla ilerledi ve 29 Ağustos' ta General Trikupis' in birlikleri tamamen çevrelendi. 30 Ağustos'ta Yunan birlikleri esir ve imha edildi.
Yunan Anadolu Ordusu Başkomutanı General Hacianesti, başarısızlığı nedeniyle Başkomutanlık görevinden alındı. Yerine ise henüz esir alındığı öğrenilmeyen General Trikupis atandı. General Trikupis, Başkomutan olarak atandığını Uşak' ta Mustafa Kemal Paşa' dan öğrendi.
Yunan ordusunun yarısı esir ve imha edilmişti. Bunun üzerine Başkomutan Gazi Mustafa Kemal Paşa, o tarihi emrini verdi:
Ordular, İlk hedefiniz Akdeniz' dir, ileri!
Türk Ordusu; büyük güçlerin desteğini alan, "geçilmez" denilen savunma hatlarına sahip Yunanları bir bir imha etti, on beş günde 450 kilometre ilerledi. 9 Eylül sabahı Türk Süvarileri İzmir' e girdi. İzmir Rıhtımında kaçmak için bekleyen Rumların bakışları altında, coşkulu törenlerle Kadifekale, Hükümet Konağı ve Kumandanlık Dairesine Türk bayrağı çekildi.
Savaş, 18 Eylül 1922' de son Yunan birliklerinin Batı Anadolu'dan atılması ile sona erdi. Türk ordusu, Yunan Ordusundan 910 savaş topu, 1.200 kamyon, 200 otomobil, 11 uçak, 5.000 Makineli tüfek, 40.000 tüfek ve 400 vagonluk cephane ele geçirdi.
Türk ordusu bu savaşta +2300 şehit, +9300 yaralı verdi.
Yunan ordusu ise +18000 ölü, +16000 yaralı ve +35000 esir verdi.
11 Ekim 1922 tarihinde imzalanan Mudanya Ateşkes Anlaşması ile Doğu Trakya, silahlı çatışma olmadan Yunan işgalinden kurtarıldı. 24 Temmuz 1923 tarihinde imzalanan Lozan Antlaşması ile savaş resmen sona erdi ve Türkiye bağımsızlığını tüm dünyaya kabul ettirdi.
Kaçan Yunan Ordusu köyleri ve şehirleri yağmaladı ve yaktı. Binlerce sivil evsiz kaldı. Yüzlerce sivil öldü ve esir edildi.
Yunanistan' da Kral Konstantin, askeri cuntanın muhtırası üzerine tahttan ve Yunanistan' dan ayrıldı. Anadolu Bozgununun sorumluları olduğu iddia edilen General Hacianesti, Eski Başbakanlar Gunaris ve Protopapadakis kurşuna dizildiler.
Okuduğunuz için teşekkürler! / Thank you for reading my article!
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